Numerical Analysis of the Flow Effect of the Menger-Type Artificial Reefs with Different Void Space Complexity Indices

Based on fractal theory, a regular is used to construct symmetrical reef models (e.g., cube and triangle models) with different levels (n = 1, 2, 3). Using the concept of dimension, we can better understand spatial effectiveness artificial reefs. The void space complexity index defined quantify internal distribution reefs under levels. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation approach was investigate effects field performances models. upwelling convection (Hupwelling/HAR, Vupwelling/VAR), wake recirculating (Lwake/LAR, Vwake/VAR) non-dimensionalized velocity ratio range were evaluate efficiency effect inside or around surface area increase increasing level. numerical data shows that Menger-type higher have in regions. Compared traditional models, (Vupwelling/VAR) (Vwake/VAR) n 3 by 37.5% 46.8%, respectively. indices region model are 2–3 times those when level 3.